顺便帮楼上补充一下,风力和太阳能的确是很干净,但是目前的技术水平还无法做到大规模供电,新能源目前还只能做传统能源的补充。
给你个数据吧,这是现在各种发电方式的最大能力的比较。
可再生:
Biofuel:Alholmens Kraft Power Station in Finland, 265MW
Geothermal: Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station in Mexico, 720MW
Hydroelectric: Conventional: Three Gorges Dam in China, 18200MW
Pumped-storage: Bath County Pumped Storage Station in United States, 2772MW
Run-of-the-river: Chief Joseph Dam in United States, 2620MW
Tide: Rance Tidal Power Station in France, 240MW
Solar power: Flat-panel photovoltaic: Finsterwalde Solar Park in Spain, 80.7MW
Concentrated photovoltaic: Casaquemada Photovoltaic Power Plant in Spain, 1.9MW
Concentrated solar thermal: Solnova Solar Power Station in Spain, 150MW
Wave: Aguçadoura Wave Farm in Portugal, 2.25MW
Wind: Roscoe Wind Farm om United States, 782MW
不可再生:
Coal: Taichung Power Plant in Taiwan, 5780MW
Fuel oil: Surgut-2 Power Station in Russia, 4800MW
Natural gas: Kawagoe Power Station in Japan, 4802MW
Nuclear: Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, 8212MW
Oil shale: Eesti Power Station in Estonia, 1615MW
Peat: Shatura Power Station in Russia, 1020MW
可见可再生能源里面也只有水电站的发电能力能和不可再生能源相比,但是兴建这么大的水电站会对当地生态造成严重影响,损害不低于不可再生能源电站。所以,从输出与影响来说,核能的确是很好的选择,并不是所有的国家都有财力有地点有能力建一座三峡大坝的。
从上表中可见,去掉水力,最高的可再生能源也只有782MW的发电量,而传统能源最低的也有1020MW。这就是为什么现在新建电厂基本都是核电,化石燃料的电站污染大,而且发电成本会越来越高,水电站地形限制大,新能源发电量低,综合考虑还是核电。当然,如果这次的ITER,国际热核聚变实验反应堆,能够顺利运行并给最终商用打下基础的话,最好的发电方式还是核聚变电站。嘛,科幻一些的什么微波电站轨道太阳能电站之类的不予考虑。